Thursday, December 26, 2019

History 151 - 1894 Words

Are a people ever justified in openly violating laws (like the Fugitive Slave Act) that they disapprove of and think immoral? What has been the fate of such laws in U.S. history? Should the majority always Rule I believe that if the law is so immoral that it causes harm you have an obligation to disobey. According to the law, it was the responsibility of the federal government to help owners recapture these runaway slaves, who were denied any legal means to try and fight their return to slavery. After the Fugitive Slave Law led to many conflicts between Northern abolitionists and Southern slave owners in the 1850s, the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War at the start of the next decade essentially rendered the law meaningless. Yes the majority†¦show more content†¦President James K. Polk sent the army under the leadership of General (and later President) Zachary Taylor to the Rio Grande to establish a fort. After seeing the Americans construct the fort in what they considered to be their land, the Mexicans sent 2,000 troops to attack a U.S. scout force, consisted of only 70 American troops. When Polk heard of this attack, he plead Congress to declare war on Mexico for invading American land. Congress agreed and by May of 1846, the two countries were at war. The Texas Annexation was controversial it was approved by Congress through a simple majority instead of using a treaty to annex the Republic of Texas. After no treaty was reached between the United States and Texas for the annexation or Texas, a joint resolution was passed in Congress to annex Texas. A popular vote in Texas approved the annexation of Texas to the United States in October 1845. Why would persons who had eyewitnesses slavery in the south offer such radically differing accounts? What would have been the future of slavery if it had been left alone? Eyewitnesses are notoriously unreliable. Ask any cop on earth. The institution of slavery wasnt a small isolated crime witnessed by just a few people. It was huge and the severity of the crime was different in various places it took place. There were also people that had convinced themselves that they (white people) were superior to themShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Daughter Of Time 1605 Words   |  7 Pagesperpetrator of the murders. From that point he undertakes the task of learning British history. Finding clues and piecing them together, disregarding rumors and finding a more logical approach to Richard III. In British textbooks, Richard is displayed as unpleasant uncle and Grant later finds that people do actually believe some versions stating that Richard was involved in the disappearances of the two young boys. How history is structured, some versions of events are widely accepted as truth, with or withoutRead MoreEducation Is An Important Factor1725 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding was quite different from his and her own- where it was believed that human beings have a nature and capacities different from those of the other animals†¦ and can reach its highest perfection only by living a good life in a well ordered society† (151). By doing so, student would enjoy the education that they may encounter; one of such freedom of speech and freewill. Without a free society, liberal art tradition may be harder to come across as you wouldn’t be able to have the freedom of one’s ownRead MoreInnocence to Experienced in Forbidden City1760 Words   |  5 Pageswars and battles are not a simple thing as Alex thinks they are. There are serious consequences behind the war that Alex has not notice about, for example, he does not know that many people will die in t he war. As Alex likes the military stuff and history, Alex reveals, â€Å"it isn’t the killing and ghoulish stuff that interests me. It’s the battle plans and the strategy and the weapons. It’s like chess or curling or bridge — those are all games I really† (Bell 17). This quotation shows that Alex naivelyRead MoreEssay about Willem de Kooning1526 Words   |  7 Pagescriticism and dismissed the descriptive force of ekphrastic poetry. For Greenberg OHaras kind of writing was merely a messy hybrid that was neither poetry nor criticism but pseudo poetry that cannot fully capture the essence of a painting (Shaw 151). Greenberg believed that art criticism should be specialized and formal (Bernstein). While a formalist criticism can offer some rich description about a piece of art, it cannot capture the full experience or create new experiences (Bernstein). O’HarasRead More Paraguayan War Essay2205 Words   |  9 Pagesbut this one is just as controversial. â€Å"Josà © Gaspar Rodrà ­guez de Francia.† Latin American Studies.http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/paraguay/francia.htm (accessed March 22, 2012). PARAGUAY. Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2008. Credo Reference. 12 Jan. 2009. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. http://www.credoreference.com/entry/abcafatrle/paraguay Reber, Vera B. (May, 1988). The Demographics of Paraguay: A Reinterpretation of the Great War, 1864-70. TheRead More Queen Liliuokalani Essay example3744 Words   |  15 Pagesvirtually all unrefined goods produced in Hawaii, such as sugarcane and rice to enter the United States duty-free. In return, the United States gained the exclusive right to use Pearl Harbor as a naval coaling and service station. (Day, Hawaii: A History 149-151) Although Kalakaua helped the Hawaiian economy out by making the reciprocity treaty with the United States, he spent much of the governments money lavishly. In 1882, he made an expensive round-the-world tour†¦ becoming the first king to beRead MoreHindi Nibandh on Advantages of Mobile and Disadvantage17790 Words   |  72 Pagesset, nor in the Emergency period of the 1970s—when the minds and bodies Ishvar and Omprakash, are savaged by the state—do we find any mention of a figure like BR Ambedkar or of Dalit movements. In his ‘nationalist’ understanding of modern Indian history, Mistry seems to have not veered too far from the road charted by predecessors like Mulk Raj Anand and Premchand. Sixty years after Premchand, Mistry’s literary imagination seems stuck in the empathy-realism mode, trapping Dalits in abjection. MistryRead MoreThe Demystification of the Freedmens Bureau Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesfreedmen, who dreamed of the forty acres acres and a mule. Because of their slave heritage, freedmen tended to support the agrarian lifestyle. For the large majority of freedmen, being able to own and work their own land was the ultimate goal (Abbot 150-151); however, Dubois believed that classical education and not farm work was the key to progress for African-American race (Dubois). Dislike for a reversion to a life of agriculture also fueled Dubois’s disdain for contracted labor as well. Believing thatRead MoreForeign Influences on Old English1686 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussing the amalgamation of the Scandinavians with the old English, Baugh Cable introduce the term modus vivendi to describe the policy followed by the English kings to reestablish their power in Danelaw. Questions/issues: While studying the history behind the Latin and the Scandinavian influence on the Old English language, I wondered the following: †¢ Why did the Anglo-Saxons not name the places according to their language? Why did they adopt the place names from the Celts? †¢ The author mentionsRead MoreJ. Robert Oppenhimer s Leadership Essay2162 Words   |  9 PagesProject could â€Å"determine the outcome of the war† and â€Å"was an unparalleled opportuntity to bring to bear the basic knowedge and art of science for the benefit of the country.† (Thorpe 66). Also, Oppenheimer was motivated by his desire to â€Å"be a part of history† (Thorpe 66), chronicled earlier in his Cambridge years. A Los Alamos military officer, Captain Peer de Silva, recognized Oppenheimer’s need for recognition and advocated using this need against Oppenheimer. De Silva knew that the Army controlled

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Happily Ever after All Around - 1364 Words

Once upon a time in a land far far away stood a kingdom surrounded by an enchanted magical forest. This small kingdom was run by a fair king and queen with a beautiful daughter named Abigale. As her parents grew old, Abigale knew she would have to take the throne as she was the only royal child. As much as she longed to be a normal girl exploring the forest and eating spaghetti with her fingers, she was raised to never run in her nice clothes and to always use a fork and knife. Obeying her father came naturally as she prepared to take the crown. Memorizing royal documents and learning to speak in front of people was the easy part. But when she was told she would be marrying the man of her father’s choice, she began to question her obedience. Princess Abigale continued to study for her coronation, not noticing her father searching the kingdom far and wide for the future prince. The news came on a beautiful Sunday afternoon, the queen called her daughter to come to the grand hall dressed in her finest attire. Though this was the day she’d been dreading, she still dressed in her best gown and made her way to the grand hall. The entire kingdom watched as the princess met her prince for the first time. He was a boy from a rich family suffering great loss; their eldest son and his rabbit had gone off their boat and drowned, Luke—the prince to be—had been on the boat but couldn`t save his brother. They danced and the princess realized that this arranged marriage might not beShow MoreRelatedGenre Analysis733 Words   |  3 Pagesclashing with children’s stories. Gordimer is using a fairytale by saying in â€Å"For when they began to live happily ever after they where warned by that wise old witch, the husbands mother, not to take anyone of the street† This sentence right here is kind of what you get out of a fairytale genre and a children’s story genre. When they mention â€Å"happily ever after† You usually hear that phrase all the time in childrens stories or children type of things. For example: when you are watching a disney movieRead MoreWill Economic Valuation Of Nature Be Happily Ever After For Canadian Boreal Forest?963 Words   |  4 PagesWill Economic Valuation of Nature Be Happily Ever After for Canadian Boreal Forest? â€Å"Nature with all her beautiful plants and animals along with humans lived happily ever after†- This would be that perfect ending that I would envisage if I ever wrote a fairy tale with Nature as the female protagonist. But with growing human population and increasing demand for natural resources our planet’s happily ever after story seems very distant and distraught. According to Convention of Biological DiversityRead MoreInfluences Of Disney Princesses1048 Words   |  5 PagesGirls of all ages find an exceptional amount of inspiration from the â€Å"happily ever after† stories their parents read to them before bed. Disney princesses are respected by girls and often boys of all ages. The influence a Disney princess imposes on a child is based on how princesses are presented. The interest in a character, such as Cinderella, has mesmerized children as well as parents, but the perception of what is real and fantasy, creates a barrier for parents. The opportu nities for childrenRead MoreSnow White Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pageseasily impressionable thoughts and ideas of the children can be easily altered in their most susceptible time of life to believe these extravagant fantasies. The particular fantasy that is most often presented is the one of every story ending â€Å"happily ever after†, which usually goes hand-in-hand with the fantasy of finding the one Prince Charming. By buying into these fantasies, children in society lose the true sense of reality and what to expect in life. The origin and purpose of fairytales areRead MoreDoes Anne Sexton Want A Happily Ever After?1264 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Anne Sexton Want A Happily Ever After? A â€Å"Cinderella story† is a story in which people start out with a very unfortunate life and then become very wealthy by some type of luck. A Cinderella story is a type of myth, or fairytale. Poems sometimes add details to famous myths to reveal a meaning that is deeper than what was originally intended. The meaning of a true Cinderella story is that hard work always prospers and that the underdog always comes out on top. However in Anne Sexton’s versionRead MoreFairy Tale Relationship Analysis830 Words   |  4 Pagesof a happily ever after fantasy not truly lasting forever, while Bradstreet, who lived a very hard life and had a difficult marriage had remained devoted to her husband and prays for eternal life for him; as she is dying from illness. By reading into Anne Bradstreet further it is discovered her husband remarried after her passing. Thus, showing her although hopeful, that her relationship did not live on. proved not to last like she hoped, realizing t hat the idea of a fairytale happily ever afterRead MoreThe Truth About Princesses in Fairy Tales830 Words   |  4 PagesOnce given birth to a beautiful baby girl, often parents refer to her as their little princess; when having a newborn girl, that baby girl will often get all the attention from her surroundings, she will be showered in the most adorable dresses; cute shoes , baby clothes that say â€Å"princess† on it and either a bow or a bedazzled head band, perhaps a room that is nothing but pink, letters on her wall over looking her crib saying â€Å"Mommy’s little Princess†. There is nothing wrong with spoiling yourRead MoreCinderella, By Charles Perrault948 Words   |  4 Pagesinspires all kinds of people to focus on inner beauty in order to get their happily ever after. â€Å"Cinderella,† by Charles Perrault is a piece of writing that seems to be an average fairy tale. The name â€Å"Cinderella† is a name known throughout the world; it is known by a variation of people ranging from kids to adults. We associate this name with the average fairy tale. When looking at this particular story of Cinderella, it is clear that it is the story of the house maiden who ends up living happily everRead MoreNot So Happily Ever After968 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Not so Happily Ever After† Why are the trends of relationships not always leading up to the happily ever after we always dreamed would happen? Society has emerged into a common trend of living together either early in a dating relationship, a more serious commitment with one another before the ring happens, or if couples may not believe in the institution of marriage to make the commitment real. All these arguments have been seen in the way that society has progressed into this way of thinkingRead MoreCinderellas Diary960 Words   |  4 Pagesor even both can help visualize the readers mind into better understanding how the writer wants to convey the meaning of a poem. The poem â€Å"Cinderella’s Diary† is a short poem that is supposed to be about Cinderella’s life, taking place after â€Å"happily ever after†. It goes to show that not everything has a happy ending. The very beginning of the poem starts with Cinderella stating that she misses her stepmother. Her tone in the first sentence alone already shows how her life is terrible living with

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Leading For Change

Questions: 1.What you perceive this persons leadership styles, behaviours, traits?2.How he/she uses Power and Influence tactics to make him/her an Effective Leader and Whether the Person Changes his/her leadership in various Situations?3.Ask your chosen Leader to Describe his/her Leadership Style, Behaviours, Traits.4.What have you learnt about the Complexities of Leadership? 5.Given what you have found, how might your Own Leadership Practice be Improved as a result of undertaking this Assessment? Answers: Introduction Leadership can be defined as the skills and process of motivating and encouraging individuals to pursue shared and common goals. It is the process of inspiring other people to pursue the vision set by the leader and maximizing the efforts of others towards the achievement of the goal (Stanfield, 2009). The leadership skills are significant in the professional and the personal development of a person. It is also important for team building and communicating with others (Bonnici and Cooper, 2011). In this regard, in this project, the leadership skills of Adam Khoo, a successful entrepreneur of Singapore has been evaluated. I had the opportunity to meet him and share his perspective while I enrolled in one of his session. In the recent years, he gained immense popularity as he becomes a self-made millionaire at the age of 26 making him one of the youngest millionaires in Singapore. He is the chairman of the biggest education institutions in Asia, Adam Khoo Learning Technologies Group an d specializes in the corporate training, advertising and professional investing. Observation 1.Leadership Behavior 1.The leadership behavior denotes the behavior of the leaders that inspire their followers and motivates them to achieve the goals and the objectives set by the leaders. Although the leadership style demonstrated by the leaders is categorized into different categories, no two leaders demonstrate the same behavior. The leadership behavior demonstrated by the leaders can be categorized into two main categories, namely, task-oriented leaders and the relation-oriented leaders (O'Connell and Cuthbertson, 2009). The task-relationship leadership model posits that the leadership behavior of most of the leaders can be differentiated according to its objective and the ultimate goal of the leader. In the task-oriented leadership behavior, the leader focuses on the completion of the task and meeting the performance standard of the work (Bertocci, 2009). On the other hand, the relationship-oriented leadership behavior is focused on the satisfaction, motivation and fulfillment of the employees and other stakeholders. It is a behavioral approach wherein the leader is concerned with the well-being and the relationship with the employees (Glass, 2010). In the present context, the leadership behavior of Adam Khoo can be categorized as the task-oriented category. He is an excellent public speaker and motivates the audience by showing charisma, humor and convincing skills. He is focused on achieving the targets and the goals by constantly challenging oneself and learning new competitive skills. He is constantly thriving to achieve the professional and the personal objectives and motivates the employees to achieve them. He is always concerned about obtaining the specific solution to the problems and addressing the professional targets. These leaders are always actively involved in the work process and partake in the activities regarding the goal setting, planning, organizing and monitor the overall progress with the team. The task-oriented process is considered as beneficial for th e performance oriented organizations. It ensures that the organizations goals are met and completed on time. The task-oriented leaders are motivating for the employees with the time management issues. These leaders also have a strong understanding of the working procedures and delegate work with their juniors efficiently to manage the work on time (Glass, 2010). Adam Khoo demonstrates the same behavior. The educational institutions ran by him have dynamic and competitive environment. The instructors and the management is constantly thriving to impart excellent education and learning outcomes to the students. Khoo also participate in all the organizational activities despite his busy schedule and monitors the performance of each institution. 2.Leadership Traits The leadership traits can be defined as the characteristics that distinguish a leader from others. These traits are observable and relates to the leadership potential of an individual. Flexibility, emotional intelligence and enthusiasm are the major characteristics that of an effective leader. The most common model of the leadership traits is the big five personality traits model. According to this model, the five categories in the leadership behavior are, namely, extraversion, openness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and agreeableness (Howard and Howard, 2010). The extraversion refers to the ability of an individual to socialize and communicate with others. It denotes the energy, positivism, sociability and the assertiveness in a large company. Khoo radiates positivism and is highly assertive with his employees. He communicates regularly with them regularly regarding the expected objectives and listens with focus to all their problems. Adam Khoo has high extraversion. In all his pu blic sessions and even when speaking to a group, he shows high energy and enthusiasm (Northouse, 2010). The second quality in this model is openness to the experience. In this category, the person has appreciation and curiosity for unusual ideas and new experiences. Khoo has a natural curiosity and openness to the novelty of idea and experiences. This quality is used to describe the imagination and the creativeness of a person (Antonakis, Cianciolo and Sternberg, 2004). Several times, high openness is considered as a negative quality as it relates to unpredictability and lack of focus. On the other hand, people individuals with low openness are considered as inflexible and close-minded (Daft, 2007). Khoo has a high degree of openness to experience as the leader has risk-taking capabilities and he is practical and data driven. The conscientiousness is the ability of the individuals to be disciplined and self-dependent. It is the skill to monitor and control ones behavior and exhibit planned behavior to achieve the goals. A person with low conscientiousness is considered as lazy, unreliable and undisciplined. Khoo is conscientious person as he is highly energetic and self-disciplined. He is able to juggle multiple tasks simultaneously due to high discipline (Judge, 2002). Agreeableness is the quality of demonstrating friendly behavior rather than detached or analytical behavior. It denotes the helpfulness and compassion in the nature. Khoo has this quality as he is trusting and well-tempered. Excessive agreeableness is associated with nave and submissive nature whereas low agreeableness relates to untrustworthy and argumentative nature. Khoo exhibit the right degree of the agreeableness as he is compassionate and understanding in nature (Yukl, 2002). The neuroticism is the tendency to experience negative em otions such as anxiety, anger and the vulnerability towards the work pressure. When a leader has low emotional stability, he is very reactive and unsecure towards the external environment whereas when he has low emotional stability, he can be considered as uninspiring and indifferent towards the organizations objectives. Khoo inspires his followers, encourages them to achieve the organizations objectives and work hard. Khoo is strong-minded person and motivates people even in difficult times (Judge and Bono, 2000). From the observation of the leadership skills of Adam Khoo, it can be identified that Khoo demonstrates a high level of extraversion and actively participates in all the organizations activities. Adam Khoo is also high on openness and actively participates in several sports activities in his personal life. Along with it, he is also open to innovation and implementing new teaching strategies to enhance the learning outcomes of the deliverables. In the group meetings, he actively seeks the viewpoint and the perception of the faculties and the teaching staff and implements their suggestions in the organizations courses. Mr. Khoo is also high on agreeableness and has attained the strong support of all the staff members over the years. It is due to the fact that he focuses on the relationships and care for the well-being of the teaching and the non-teaching staff working in the organization. He has high emotional stability and focuses on taking prudent and analytical approach in all the organizations problems. Leadership Styles The leadership style is defined as the style of the leader in motivating and communicating with the followers. The leadership styles can be categorized into authoritarian, democratic, Laissez-faire, transactional and transformational leadership (Smith, 2014). In this essay, the transactional and the transformational leadership style are discusses in detail. The transactional leaders use rewards and punishments to motivate their followers. It is a commonly used leadership style to motivate the employees in the organization settings. The transactional leaders use contingent rewards such as incentives, monetary or the financial gains to recognize the good performance of the employees. They also use psychological tactics such ass appreciation and recognition to motivate the employees to achieve organizations success. The management by exception is another approach used by the transactional leaders in their leadership strategy. In this method, the business managers only intervene in the o perations of the organization when the employees are not achieving their goals and exhibiting competitive performance. This strategy is used by the leaders to reduce their workload. The managers take corrective actions to improve the performance of the employees (Breevaart, 2014). The transformational leadership style unique leadership style in which the leader is not limited by the perception of the followers. In this leadership style, the leader work along with their subordinates to create a vision and motivate them to achieve it with inspiration and motivation. The transformational leaders strive to improve the performance of the employees through motivation and connecting the identity of the employees with their respective projects and with the organization. The leaders also challenge the followers to accomplish the task and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the followers and align them with the project (Tyssen, Wald and Heidenreich, 2014). It can be critiques that the leadership style shown by Adam Khoo in the organization is transformational leadership style. He is charismatic and has excellent skills to motivate the employees to achieve the targets set by him. It was observed that he gave empowerment to the employees to achieve their goals and targets in their own way. He is concerned about the strengths and the weaknesses of the employees and assign them duties which best suit them. Contingency Model In the contingency approach, the leader emphasizes improving the performance of the team by aligning with the organization goals with capabilities and possible situations. The path goal theory is used to match the leadership style with the goals of the organization (Smyth, 2005). Adam Khoo is an excellent leader who tries to manage the different managerial aspects of the organization. According to the observation, Khoo tries to manage different aspects of his responsibility by emphasizing on the employee satisfaction and acknowledges their feedback through different communication system. Khoo has developed an informal communication system in which all the employees can communicate with him for professional reasons. Although it is not possible for him to be physically present at each meeting, he makes sure that he has an essence of each meeting. All the subordinates require his authority before implementing any decision to maximize the efficiency in an organization. In the contingency model of the leadership, the situational factors such as followers capacity and the organization culture impact the choice of leadership style and its impact on the performance and the employee fulfillment. The behavioral styles are defined as directive, supportive, participative and achievement-situated (Daft, 2014). It could be examined that the leadership style of Mr. Khoo is supportive as he focuses on building a prosperity relationship between the management and the employees. He makes an extra effort to show that he cares for him rather than considering them only resources for meeting the organizations objectives. Leadership Power and Influence The concept of power and leadership are closely connected. An individual can demonstrate power without being a leader; however, it is impossible to possess leadership skills without adequate power. The power can be defined as the capability or the potential to influence others. Therefore, power is associated with the skills of an effective leader. According to a model given by French and Raven (1959), there are five bases of power, namely, legitimate, reward, expert, referent and coercive (Heinemann, 2008). The legitimate power refers to the formal right to the power and can make demands and the other needs to be abide by these demands. The reward is the ability or power of a person to compensate the ability or efforts of another person. The power related to expertise is achieved when the person has high level of skills and knowledge. The referent power is achieved with the perceived attractiveness, skills and worthiness of a person (Brookes, 2015). Lastly, the coercive power is atta ined when the followers presume that the leader has the power to punish other for noncompliance. It can be discussed that Adam Khoo demonstrates several powers in his leadership. As he is the chairman of the educational organization, he directly exhibits legitimate and reward power (Cooper and Rothmann, 2013). Adam Khoo has also obtained expert power as he has excellent trainers regarding business management and training skills. As he is charismatic leader, he also shows referent power to the employees. 3.Second Task: Interview An interview was conducted with the Adam Khoo to understand the complexities of leadership and obtain his viewpoint regarding leadership. When Mr. Adam Khoo was asked about the traits of a successful leader, he stated that every leader is unique and possess different qualities. However, the most important trait of a leader is that he should be ethical and set right examples in front of his leaders. According to Khoo, a leader must be motivating and transparent to his/her subordinates. It is important to build a positive organization culture and motivate the employees. Khoo discussed that there are several challenges in running an organization successfully such as managing workplace conflicts, establishing a transparent and equal opportunity culture and managing the internal stakeholders and politics. Khoo cited that in his career, the most significant challenge is to keep the employees motivated when the business of the organization is low. According to him, employee motivation is the key to organization success. He stated that the employees are asset to an organization and it is important to keep them motivated to improve the workplace performance. According to Khoo, employee motivation can be achieved by setting clear objectives, keeping the employees engaged by providing positive and competitive work culture and act fairly and justly towards the subordinates. In work meetings and conferences, it is important for the leader to listen to the viewpoint of all the team members and adopt a just and fair approach towards them to reduce the workplace conflicts and increase the employee productivity. Khoo discussed that to him the employee-employer relationship is most significant aspect of leadership. It is important for the employer to adopt a just and fair approach; however, the le ader should not be overly friendly with his followers. Adam stated that he has realized in his past experiences that the employees are not singularly motivated by money and the financial rewards. It is important that the employees are provided with enough flexibility such as telecommuting or vacation holidays so that they remain motivated. For other employees, the motivation comes in the form of recognition, giving charge and responsibility. It can be critiqued from the viewpoint of Adam Khoo that he is a transformational leader. He sets clear target for all the employees, tries to keep them motivated by sharing his vision and motivate the employees by keeping them motivated. Khoo also stated that it is important to identify the weaknesses and the strengths of the employees and assign them tasks which best suits their ability. It is due to the fact that no employee is perfect and can excel in each responsibility; however, the overall performance of the organization can be enhanced i f they are assigned task accordingly. Although Adam is task-oriented leader; he takes care of the employees. 4.Self-Reflection Improvement With the research and the interview, it can be recognized that there are certain dissimilarities between the observation of the leadership style of Adam Khoo and his personal opinion. Previously, I realized that an employee should be task-oriented to achieve the organization objectives and success. However, after the interview I realized that it is important for a leader to be relationship-oriented and focus on the well-being of the employees. Enthusiasm and assertiveness are also necessary components to keep the followers motivated (Brockbank, McGill and Beech, 2002). Upon self-reflection, I realized that I do not possess adequate communication skills and did not consider that self-enthusiasm is important for motivating the employees. I realized that it is important to work on the communication skills to develop my leadership skills. It was evident from the interview and the observation that Mr. Khoo is an assertive leader. He is goal-driver, risk taking and disciplined towards his job. However, according to the big five trait model an assertive leader is often uncaring and unconcerned about the well-being of the employees. In this regard, it can be perceived that Adam Khoo is conscious about his relationships with the employees. He realizes that the employees are significant for the performance and the performance and the productivity of the organization and has built an organization culture to support their well-being (Ramsay and Sweet, 2008). With the application of the theory and the interview analysis, it could be examined that the resourcefulness is significant aspect in the leadership quality of an individual. Adam Khoo is a motivating and experienced leader which provides his skills and knowledge. It creates admiration in front of his subordinates and contributes to the leadership. 5.Upon self-reflection, I realized that in order to practice effective leadership skills, it is important to obtain adequate knowledge regarding the tasks and organization procedures. A leader should also know how to remain calm in difficult situations. It is important that a leader exhibit emotional stability to handle difficult situations and motivate the employees in difficult situations. It is in accordance with the neuroticism trait which makes a leader unreliable in case of difficult situations. Furthermore, it could be posited that different leaders exhibit different leadership styles; however, no leadership style is perfect. The leaders themselves change their leadership style according to the situational demands. The transformational leadership style is effective in keeping the followers motivated and achieving the organizations goals and objectives. Khoo has adopted the transformational leadership style wherein he sets clear objectives for the employees and achieves the tar gets. I realize that a person should be disciplined and clear in his vision to inspire a large number of followers. In order to attain self-improvement, I will take confidence building classes. I will also try to remain more disciplined and show emotional stability. Conclusion In this project, the complexities in the leadership and the leadership style of different leaders have been discussed. There are a large number of leadership styles that tries to explain the leadership phenomenon and the relation between the leader and his followers. It can be discussed that there is no perfect approach to leadership and every leader follows the leadership strategy which best suits his personality and the situation. In the next five years, I see myself at a managerial position at a dynamic work environment. Studying the leadership styles and its impact on the followers will assist me in selecting the most appropriate leadership style for myself. References Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A.T. and Sternberg,R.J. 2004. The Nature of Leadership. SAGE. Bertocci, D.I. 2009. Leadership in Organizations: There is a Difference Between Leaders and Managers. University Press of America. Bonnici, C.A. and Cooper, B.S. 2011. Creating a Successful Leadership Style: Principles of Personal Strategic Planning. RL Education. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O.K. and Espevik, R., 2014. Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 87(1), pp.138-157. Brockbank, A., McGill, I. and Beech, N. 2002. Reflective Learning in Practice. Gower Publishing, Ltd. Brookes, S. 2015. The Selfless Leader: A Compass for Collective Leadership. Palgrave Macmillan. Cooper, C. and Rothmann, I. 2013. Organizational and Work Psychology: Topics in Applied Psychology. London: Routledge. Daft, R. 2007. The Leadership Experience. Cengage Learning. Daft, R.L. 2014. The Leadership Experience. Boston: Cengage Learning. Glass, S.D. 2010. The Practical Handbook of Group Counseling: Group Work with Children, Adolescents, and Parents. Trafford Publishing. Heinemann, P. 2008. Power Bases and Informational Influence Strategies: A Behavioral Study on the Use of Management Accounting Information. Springer-Verlag. Howard, P.J. and Howard, J.M. 2010. The Owner's Manual for Personality at Work: How the Big Five Personality Traits Affect Performance, Communication, Teamwork, Leadership, and Sales. Center for Applied Cognitive Studies (CentACS). Judge, T.A. and Bono, J.E., 2000. Five-factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of applied psychology, 85(5), p.751. Judge, T.A., Bono, J.E., Ilies, R. and Gerhardt, M.W. 2002. Personality and leadership: a qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), p.765. Northouse, P.G. 2010. Leadership: Theory and Practice. SAGE. O'Connell, T.S. and Cuthbertson, B. 2009. Group Dynamics in Recreation and Leisure: Creating Conscious Groups Through an Experiential Approach. Human Kinetics. Ramsay, G. and Sweet, H. 2008. 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Monday, December 2, 2019

Reflections on the First Amendment Paper free essay sample

Reflections on the First Amendment Paper Ephraim Iivula HIS/301 May 29, 2011 Kenneth Johnston University of Phoenix Reflections on the First Amendment According to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Consequently, citizens from different occupations often file legal challenges for court adjudication on perceived injustice. This paper focuses on numerous momentous cases related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment, namely freedom of speech, press, and religion. The cases as enumerated shortly represent such examples, in which citizens challenge social norms and seek for Supreme Court hearing or interpretation. In addition, the paper evaluates the rights and responsibilities that the Constitution gives American citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflections on the First Amendment Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Notable First Amendment Court Cases John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, et al. v. Free Speech Coalition, et al. (2002) The right to freedom of speech came under scrutiny in the case of John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, et al. versus Free Speech Coalition, et al. in 2002. In this case, the U. S. Supreme Court affirmed the Ninth Circuits judgment against the plaintiff’s broader definition of pornography in enacting the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996. This broader definition, the court finds it in contravention with the First Amendment. The Ninth Circuit reasoned that the definition of banning any depiction of pornographic materials, including films that Congress adds on the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 was overboard and as such violated the First Amendment. Supreme Court Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote: First Amendment freedoms are most in danger when the government seeks to control thought or to justify its laws for that impermissible end. The right to think is the beginning of freedom, and speech must be protected from the government because speech is the beginning of thought. FCC . v. Pacifica Foundation, (1978) This case put to test the First Amendment protections extended to a radio stations daytime broadcast. At the center of the case was comedian George Carlins Seven Filthy Words monologue. â€Å"The Supreme Court held that Section 326 of the Telecommunications Act, which prohibits the FCC from censoring broadcasts over radio or television, does not limit the FCCs authority to sanction radio or television stations broadcasting material that is obscene, indecent, or profane. Though the censorship ban under Section 326 precludes editing proposed broadcasts in advance, the ban does not deny the FCC the power to review the content of completed broadcasts. † In addition, the Supreme Court pronounced that, â€Å"broadcast materials have limited First Amendment protection because of the uniquely pervasive presence that radio and television occupy in the lives of people and the unique ability of children to access radio and television broadcasts. † Sherbert v. Verner et al. , members of South Carolina Employment Security Commission,(1963) In this case, Adell Sherbert applied to the Employment Security Commission for unemployment benefits following her dismissal from work after she refused to work on Saturdays, something forbidden by her Seventh-day Adventist faith. However, the Employment Security Commission denied her unemployment benefits stating that she lost her employment because of misconduct and therefore ineligible for benefits. On appeal, the Supreme Court of the United States contended that Sherbert’s dismissal â€Å"violates the guarantee of religious freedom contained in the First Amendment. As such, withholding Sherbert’s benefit was unlawful and therefore in breach of the religious freedom under the First Amendment. Reasons for the Supreme Court Hearing and Interpretation of Each Case In the case of John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, et al. versus Free Speech Coalition, et al. (2002), the Supreme Court upheld the judgment because the expanded definition of the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 contravenes the provision under the First Amendment. Consequently, the appellant feared that leaving that expanded definition unchallenged in the Supreme Court curtails freedom of speech as enshrined in the Constitution. The Supreme Court interpretation became necessary as the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 led to the plaintiff’s misinterpretation of the regulation or deliberate distortion thereof to advance unlawful ends. Instead, the merit of the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 bans unethical materials depicting children and not just about any pornographic material. In the case of FCC versus Pacifica Foundation, (1978), the Supreme Court hearing became necessary to offer clarity on Section 326 of the Telecommunications Act regarding its limitations and the FCC jurisdiction. The appellant assumes Section 326 of the Telecommunications Act prevents FCC the authority to review the content of completed broadcasts. However, the Supreme Court manifested that FCC could still sanction a station broadcasting obscene, indecent, or profane materials. In the case of Sherbert against Verner et al. , members of South Carolina Employment Security Commission, et al. 1963), Sherbert’s employer denied her unemployment benefits because she refused to work on Saturdays. She claimed that this effectively impeded the free exercise of her religion. The Supreme Court found that denying Sheberts unemployment benefits, was an unconstitutional burden on the free exercise of her religion. The Supreme Court interpretation became necessary, as the First Amendment does not intend to govern the mere beliefs or opinions of people. Interference with religious practices may transpire when there is a compelling interest in refusing to accommodate religiously motivated conduct. The effect of the Supreme Court decision on American citizens The effect of the Supreme Court judgment in the case of John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, et al. v. Free Speech Coalition, et al. (2002), is that pornography is lawful. As evident today, there is an increase in the pornography industry as there is no legal basis to ban the practice. The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 however remains within the confines of its mandate that of protecting children, and as a result many cyber-violators have faced prosecution after its enactment. The judgment on FCC v. Pacifica Foundation, (1978) has a profound effect on day-to-day radio and television broadcasting. For example, producers particularly of television programs provide parental guidance to prevent children accesses to explicit programs but yet satisfy the viewing needs of matured viewers. This same practice finds resonance in the music and movie industry. This further promotes good social etiquette, ethics, and public decency. The extent to which the Constitution protect the right of privacy The United States Constitution fully express privacy right. However, under the Fourth Amendment, the right to privacy is inherent. As such, law enforcement agents may not search properties without appropriate search warrants. In some cases, national security supersedes privacy protection, and this happens particularly in the wake the Patriot Act. â€Å"The Patriot Act drove a stake through the heart of the Bill of Rights, violating at least six of the ten original amendmentsthe First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Amendmentsand possibly the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments, as well. † J. W. Whitehead May 16, 2011. The Patriot Act after its enactment in response to the 9/11 terrorist attack has come under fire from many citizens claiming that its roving wiretaps system violates citizen rights to privacy. Even as government through the Department of Homeland Security defends the Patriot Act provisions citing national security, many citizens continue to express dissatisfaction with the process. Whitehead May 16, 2011, contends that â€Å"roving wiretaps† provision allows the FBI to wiretap phones in multiple homes without the target’s name or even phone numbermerely the possibility that a suspect â€Å"might† use the phone is enough to justify the wiretap. He further observed that â€Å"lone wolf† provision allows intelligence gathering of people not suspected of belonging to a foreign government or known terrorist organization. Moreover, Section 215 allows court-approved seizure of records and property in antiterrorism operations. In light of the above concerns, the extent to which the Constitution protects privacy right is negligible as Congress twists the legislative arm regardless of public displeasure. Screening citizens based on race, ethnicity, religious belief and justified as a means to protect the nation, have drawn reservations as it targets innocent people and groups regularly. Such investigations compromise and invade citizens’ privacy by law enforcement and as such expose the Constitutional privacy protection. Conclusion â€Å"The First Amendment of the Constitution prohibits laws that restrict personal freedom† Patterson, T. E. (2009, p. 6). The United States Constitution particularly the First Amendment ensured the protection of citizens’ rights. However, this protection is often under constant infringements. Some contraventions happen because of ignorance to the First Amendment and others for the sake of national security. As the Patriot Act shows, privacy right is not absolute particularly when national security is at stake. With reference to the above-mentioned cases, one can see that the provisions under the First Amendment receive many legal challenges. The Supreme Court interpretation and various hearings ensured that citizens freely exercise their opinions and believes. References American Library Association: Notable First Amendment court cases: Retrieved from http://www. ala. org/ala/aboutala/offices/oif/firstamendment/courtcases/courtcases. fm John W. Whitehead , May 16, 2011, Renewing the Patriot Act: Who Will Protect Us from Our Government? , Retrieved from http://www. rutherford. org/articles_db/commentary. asp? record_id=711 Patterson, T. E. (2009). The American democracy  (9th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sherbert v. Verner et al. , Members of South Carolina Employment Security Commission, et al. (1963): Retrieved from http://www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/curiae/html/374-398/001. ht m U. S. National Archives and Records Administration, First Amendment: Retrieved from